Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 35
Filter
1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 107(1): 142-144, Feb. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-612819

ABSTRACT

The performance of the nitrate reductase assay (NRA) was compared with the proportion method (PM) on Lowenstein-Jensen medium and the BACTEC MGIT960 assay under routine conditions using 160 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a high proportion of resistant strains. The mean time to obtain results was 8.8 days and the overall agreements between NRA and PM and NRA and M960 were 95 percent and 94 percent, respectively. NRA was easy to perform and represents a useful tool for the rapid screening of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains in low-resource countries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Culture Media/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Nitrate Reductase/pharmacology
2.
J. bras. pneumol ; 37(5): 664-668, set.-out. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-604395

ABSTRACT

Entre 2005 e 2006, 8.121 espécimes clínicos enviados ao Laboratório de Micobactérias do Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho/Instituto de Doenças do Tórax, no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, foram inoculados em meio Löwenstein-Jensen contendo glicerol e piruvato. Desses espécimes, 79 isolados de micobactérias tiveram crescimento somente em meio com piruvato, sendo selecionados para a identificação presuntiva de Mycobacterium bovis. Esses isolados foram submetidos à identificação por testes bioquímicos, amplificação por PCR com primers específicos (Rv0577 e Rv1510) e teste de suscetibilidade à pirazinamida. Todas as cepas apresentaram padrões fenotípicos e genotípicos de M. tuberculosis, não sendo detectado M. bovis.


In 2005 and 2006, 8,121 clinical specimens submitted to the Mycobacteriology Laboratory of the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital/Thoracic Diseases Institute, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were inoculated on Löwenstein-Jensen medium containing glycerol and pyruvate. There were 79 mycobacteria isolates that presented growth only on pyruvate-containing medium, and those isolates were selected for the presumptive identification of Mycobacterium bovis. The selected isolates were screened with biochemical tests, PCR amplification (with the specific primers Rv0577 and Rv1510), and pyrazinamide susceptibility tests. All of the strains isolated showed specific phenotypical and genotypical patterns characteristic of M. tuberculosis, and no M. bovis strains were detected.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mycobacterium bovis/growth & development , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Tuberculosis/microbiology , Bacteriological Techniques/methods , Brazil/epidemiology , Culture Media/chemistry , Hospitals, University , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classification , Tuberculosis/epidemiology
3.
J. bras. pneumol ; 37(4): 521-526, jul.-ago. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-597204

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT) isoladas de sítios estéreis em pacientes internados no Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) entre 2001 e 2006. MÉTODOS: Durante o período do estudo, 34 isolados de MNT de sítios estéreis de 14 pacientes, a maioria HIV positivos, foram submetidos a identificação fenotípica e hsp65 PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA, análise por enzimas de restrição por PCR do gene hsp65). RESULTADOS: A maioria dos isolados foi identificada como Mycobacterium avium, seguida por M. monacense, M. kansasii e M. abscessus em menores proporções. CONCLUSÕES: A combinação de PRA, um método relativamente simples e de baixo custo, com algumas características fenotípicas pode fornecer a identificação correta de MNT na rotina de laboratórios clínicos.


OBJECTIVE: To identify nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from sterile sites in patients hospitalized between 2001 and 2006 at the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: During the study period, 34 NTM isolates from sterile sites of 14 patients, most of whom were HIV-positive, were submitted to phenotypic identification and hsp65 PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA). RESULTS: Most isolates were identified as Mycobacterium avium, followed by M. monacense, M. kansasii, and M. abscessus. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of PRA, a relatively simple and inexpensive method, with the evaluation of a few phenotypic characteristics can allow NTM to be accurately identified in the routine of clinical laboratories.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Bacterial Proteins/analysis , /analysis , Genes, Bacterial/genetics , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Restriction Mapping/methods , Bacteriological Techniques , Brazil , DNA Restriction Enzymes , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Hospitals, University , Inpatients , Mycobacterium avium Complex/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/microbiology , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/isolation & purification
4.
J. bras. pneumol ; 34(12): 1063-1068, dez. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-503824

ABSTRACT

This retrospective molecular study involving restriction fragment length polymorphism, using insertion sequence 6110 as a marker, was conducted in order to provide an initial insight into the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in the slums of the Complexo de Manguinhos, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Of the 67 strains evaluated, 23 (34.3 percent) were found to belong to clusters (total clusters, 10). Household and social chains of transmission were associated with clustering, in 20 percent and 60 percent, respectively. Living in the Conjunto Habitacional Programado 2 slum was associated with clustering. Although not significant, it is relevant that 26 percent of the clustered strains presented primary resistance. These findings, although possibly underestimating the prevalence due to the failure to analyze all strains, could help improve the local tuberculosis control program.


Este estudo retrospectivo envolvendo polimorfismo de fragmento de restrição e utilizando como marcador a seqüência de inserção 6110, foi realizado para fornecer informações iniciais quanto à diversidade genética das cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis isoladas em favelas do Complexo de Manguinhos, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Das 67 cepas isoladas, 23 (34,3 por cento) foram agrupadas em clusters (total de clusters, 10). A transmissão entre comunicantes domiciliares e extra-domicialiares estave associada a 20 por cento e 60 por cento dos clusters, respectivamente. Ser morador do Conjunto Habitacional Programado 2 foi associado à presença de clusters. Embora não significativo, é relevante o fato de que 26 por cento das cepas em cluster apresentaram resistência primária. Estes achados, embora possivelmente subestimados devido à impossibilidade de analisar todas as cepas, fornecem subsídios para a melhoria do programa local de controle da tuberculose.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Poverty Areas , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length/genetics , Tuberculosis/genetics , Brazil , Cluster Analysis , Genetic Markers , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Retrospective Studies , Tuberculosis/microbiology , Tuberculosis/transmission , Young Adult
5.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 15(3): 117-121, set.-dez. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519319

ABSTRACT

A tuberculose bovina é uma enfermidade infecciosa de ocorrência mundial. O teste intradérmico é o método padrão para seu diagnóstico da tuberculose, embora possa carecer de sensibilidade e especificidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes métodos complementares para o diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina incluindo os exames macroscópicos de tecidos, histopatológico, bacteriológico e ELISA. Um total de 97 bovinos reagentes à prova de tuberculinização foi testado, e amostras de tecidos e soro foram colhidas no momento do abate. Do total de bovinos examinados, 70 (72,16 por cento) apresentaram lesão macroscópica sugestiva de tuberculose. Na avaliação histopatológica, 63 animais (64,95 por cento) apresentaram lesão granulomatosa característica. Assim, a histopatologia concordou com a avaliação macroscópica em 92,78 por cento das amostras. Em 47 (48,45 por cento) amostras foram visualizados Bacilos Álcool Ácido Resistentes (BAAR), todas positivas à histopatologia ou à avaliação macroscópica.(ACom relação à cultura bacteriológica, foram isolados Mycobacterium bovis em apenas 11 amostras (11,34 por cento). Quanto ao desempenho do teste de ELISA, 33 (34,02 por cento) soros foram reativos. O exame macroscópico detalhado associado ao exame histopatológico, devido à sua alta especificidade, são recomendados como ferramentas complementares e podem ser utilizados para confirmar os casos duvidosos no abatedouro.


Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease of world-wide occurrence. The intradermal tuberculin test is the standard test for its detection, but it can lack both sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of different complementary methods for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis such as macroscopic, histopathological, bacteriological analysis and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 97 skin-test reactive animals were studied, and tissues and serum samples were collected from all of them at the moment of the slaughter. Seventy animals (72.16 percent) showed macroscopic lesions suggestive of tuberculosis. At the histopathological exam, sixty three (64.95 percent) presented typical granulomatous lesions. Therefore, histopathology agreed with macroscopic inspection in 92.78 percent of the samples. Acid-fast bacilli were observed in tissues samples from 47 (48.45 percent) animals, all of them also positive either at macroscopic inspection or to histopathology. In reference to the bacterial culture, only 11 (11.34 percent) tissues samples yielded Mycobacterium bovis. Thirty three (34.02 percent) serum samples were reactive at ELISA. Detailed visual inspection as well as histopathology, due to its high specificity, are suggested as complementary tools and may be used for confirming doubtful cases of bovine tuberculosis at the slaughterhouse.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Cattle , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Bacteriological Techniques/veterinary , Tuberculin Test/veterinary , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis
6.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 39(3): 511-513, July-Sept. 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-494541

ABSTRACT

ELISAs for paratuberculosis employ a preadsorption step with Mycobacterium phlei to diminish unspecific reactions As M. fortuitum is one of the most frequent environmental mycobacteria, the purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate its use as an alternative for the preadsorption in ELISAs for paratuberculosis. Results suggest that M. fortuitum can be an alternative instead of or associated to M. phlei with comparable results (κ > 0.8) to conventional ELISAs using M. phlei as a preadsorption antigen.


Ensaios de sorodiagnóstico de paratuberculose (ELISA) utilizam Mycobacterium phlei na etapa de pré-adsorção para diminuir reações inespecíficas. Uma vez que M. fortuitum é uma das micobactérias atípicas mais isoladas no Brasil, o objetivo central deste estudo foi averiguar a possibilidade de sua utilização como antígeno da etapa de pré-adsorção destes testes. Os resultados sugerem que M. fortuitum apresentou resultados comparáveis (κ > 0.8) aos alcançados com M. phlei e que, portanto poderia ser uma alternativa ao invés ou associado a M. phlei na etapa de pré-adsorção de ELISAs para paratuberculose.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mycobacterium Infections , Mycobacterium fortuitum/growth & development , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolation & purification , Paratuberculosis , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Methods , Serologic Tests , Methods
7.
J. bras. pneumol ; 33(5): 579-582, set.-out. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467486

ABSTRACT

Para descrever a resistência a drogas em cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis isoladas de amostras de escarro de 263 pacientes suspeitos de tuberculose moradores do Complexo de Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, as culturas positivas entre outubro de 2000 e dezembro de 2002 foram submetidas a teste de sensibilidade para isoniazida, rifampicina, estreptomicina, etionamida e etambutol. Resistência a qualquer das drogas foi encontrada em 21,4 por cento (16/75) dos pacientes diagnosticados com tuberculose. Destes, 50 por cento (8/16) eram casos novos e 50 por cento (8/16) eram casos com tratamento anterior. A tuberculose multirresistente foi encontrada em 10,6 por cento (8/75) do total de pacientes, estando associada a tratamento anterior em 8 por cento (6/75) deles. Nossos resultados podem ter sido subestimados, pois M. tuberculosis não pôde ser isolado em todas as amostras positivas para bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes. Contudo, eles pelo menos revelam parte do problema.


This study aimed to assess drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from sputum samples. To that end, sputum samples were collected from 263 patients suspected of having tuberculosis. All subjects lived in the Complexo de Manguinhos, which is located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cultures testing positive between October of 2000 and December of 2002 were tested to determine strain susceptibility to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ETHionamide, and ETHambutol. Of the 75 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis, resistance to at least one of the drugs was found in 16 (21.4 percent). Of those 16 patients, 8 (50 percent) were new cases, and 8 (50 percent) had previously been treated. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was identified in 8 (10.6 percent) of the 75 patients, being associated with previous treatment in 6 (8 percent). The incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis might have been underestimated, since M. tuberculosis was not isolated from all of the samples testing positive for acid-fast bacilli. However, at least, our findings shed some light on the problem.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology , Brazil , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Outpatients/statistics & numerical data , Poverty Areas
8.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 38(3): 409-412, July-Sept. 2007. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-464761

ABSTRACT

Double repetitive element (DRE) PCR amplification is a simple Mycobacterium tuberculosis typing method, however amplification failure or poor resolution of bands commit its efficacy. In order to verify if whether or not these features could be minimized by improving DNA extraction procedures or Taq polymerise quality, DRE-PCR was performed on 24 M. tuberculosis DNA samples extracted by heat-shock, mechanical and enzymatic methods applying conventional and hot start Taq pol. We demonstrated that when dealing with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis DRE-PCR typing method, Taq pol of better quality might be more important to improve amplification than the DNA extraction method.


Amplificação de duplo elemento repetido (DRE) por PCR é um método simples para tipagem de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, entretanto falha ou a baixa resolução das bandas na amplificação compromete a eficiência do método. Com o objetivo de verificar se estes problemas podem ou não ser minimizados pela utilização de diferentes procedimentos de extração de DNA ou de qualidades de Taq polimerase, DRE-PCR foi ensaiado em 24 amostras de DNA de M. tuberculosis extraídos pelos métodos de choque-térmico, - mecânico e enzimático utilizando Taq polimerase convencional e hot start Taq pol. Foi demonstrado que a qualidade da Taq pol utilizada talvez seja mais importante para uma melhor amplificação que o método de extração de DNA empregado.


Subject(s)
Humans , DNA , In Vitro Techniques , Mycobacterium Infections/diagnosis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase , Methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sampling Studies
9.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 38(3): 472-477, July-Sept. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-464773

ABSTRACT

Forty-four cows from five herds infected with tuberculosis (TB) and without paratuberculosis (PTB), and 21 cows from a herd without either infection were studied. The cattle presented concordant results in both the skin test and gamma-interferon assay for TB and two commercial ELISAs for PTB. Animals were divided according to TB test results into Group A with 28 TB-infected animals, Group B with 16 TB-negative animals from infected herds, and Group C with 21 TB-negative cows from a tuberculosis-free herd (which were used as controls). Twenty of 28 animals from Group A (71.4 percent), 6/16 from Group B (37.5 percent) and none from Group C were reactive to PTB ELISAs, suggesting that these commercial kits were unable to distinguish between PTB and TB. It is proposed that natural occurring TB strongly interferes in the diagnosis of PTB and that commercial ELISAs cannot be considered reliable tools in the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in tuberculosis-infected herds.


Quarenta e quatro animais provenientes de cinco rebanhos infectados com tuberculose e livres de paratuberculose, e 21 animais provenientes de rebanhos livres de ambas as infecções foram analisados. Todos os animais foram testados para tuberculose pelo teste intradérmico de PPD-bovino e pelo ensaio comercial de Interferon-gama (IFN-gama). Para o diagnóstico de paratuberculose, dois ELISAs comerciais foram usados neste estudo. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos, de acordo com os resultados obtidos pelos testes diagnósticos para tuberculose. O grupo A foi composto por 28 animais com resultados positivos para tuberculose; o grupo B foi formado por 16 animais provenientes de rebanhos infectados com tuberculose, porém com resultados negativos nos testes diagnósticos para esta infecção. O grupo C foi composto por 21 animais provenientes de propriedades livres de ambas as doenças e que foram utilizados como grupo controle deste estudo. Vinte dos 28 animais do grupo A (71,4 por cento), 6/16 do grupo B (37,5 por cento) e nenhum animal do grupo C foram reativos aos ELISAs para diagnóstico de paratuberculose, o que demonstrou que os kits comerciais utilizados não são capazes de diferenciar entre ambas as doenças. Os resultados aqui obtidos sugerem que a ocorrência natural de tuberculose pode interferir no diagnóstico da paratuberculose e os ELISAs comerciais disponíveis não são seguros para utilização em rebanhos onde há tuberculose.


Subject(s)
Cattle , In Vitro Techniques , Mycobacterium avium , Mycobacterium bovis , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Tuberculosis, Avian , Tuberculosis, Bovine , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Methods , Sampling Studies
10.
J. bras. pneumol ; 33(4): 443-447, jul.-ago. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-466351

ABSTRACT

To describe some aspects of tuberculosis in a low-income community (the Complexo de Manguinhos, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), a retrospective study was carried out. Of the 290 cases reported in the 2000-2002 period, 75.8 percent were new cases. The annual incidence rates were 157/100,000 (2000), 205/100,000 (2001), and 145/100,000 (2002). Although there was a tendency toward a decrease in the number of cases over the period studied, the difference was not significant, suggesting that tuberculosis continues to be endemic in the area. Therefore, despite the existence of local public health care services, more efficient strategies should be implemented in order to increase the effectiveness of tuberculosis control programs in the area.


Para descrever alguns aspectos da tuberculose em favelas, foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo no Complexo de Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil. Em um total de 290 casos notificados entre 2000 e 2002, 75,8 por cento eram casos novos. A taxa de incidência foi de 157, 205 e 145/100.000, respectivamente. Embora tenha sido observada tendência de diminuição dos números de casos no período de estudo, esta não foi significante, sugerindo manutenção da endemia. Portanto, embora exista um serviço de saúde no local, estratégias mais eficientes devem ser implantadas para auxiliar o Programa de Controle da tuberculose.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Poverty Areas , Residence Characteristics , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Brazil/epidemiology , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Urban Health
11.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 101(8): 857-861, Dec. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-440572

ABSTRACT

Human pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide public health problem. In resistant individuals, control of the infection mainly requires development of a Th1 cell immune response with production of cytokines, of which interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)plays an important role. Several antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been described for use in vaccine development or for diagnostic purposes, however little evaluation has been done in endemic area for TB. The proliferative and IFN-gamma human T cell immune responses, to four recombinant proteins (MBP-3, NarL, MT-10.3, 16 kDa) and PPD, of 38 Brazilian TB patients (6 untreated and 32 treated) and 67 controls (38 positive and 29 negative tuberculin skin test - TST) were compared. The highest reactivity mean rate was obtained with PPD followed by 16 kDa in TB patients. While most of the patients (87 percent) and controls (> 64 percent) respond to the PPD, 16kDa was more specifically recognized (> 21 percent) although less sensitive (54 percent). When TB patients were divided according to treatment status, opposite to PPD, higher average level of IFN-gamma was induced by 16kDa in untreated (505 pg/ml) compared to treated TB patients and TST+ (269.8 pg/ml x 221.6pg/ml, respectively), although the difference was not significant. These data show that in contrast with the other recombinant proteins, the stimulatory potency of 16kDa to induce proliferative and INF-gamma response was more effective and is more recognized by active TB untreated patients, eliciting in control individuals a more selective immune response than PPD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Cell Proliferation , Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/microbiology , Recombinant Proteins/immunology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Cross Reactions , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology , Tuberculin Test , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
12.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 101(6): 581-584, Sept. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-437048

ABSTRACT

This investigation aimed at the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the sputum of Suruí Indian subjects from Amazonia, Brazil. Polymerase chain reaction analyses were positive for12 samples, five of which were also culture-positive (N = 147). Four MTB genotypes were identified, one of which showed resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid. The study also highlighted one village complex as of particular importance, considering the relatively high number of tuberculosis cases reported and of MTB isolates obtained.


Subject(s)
Humans , Indians, South American , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Genotype , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tuberculosis/epidemiology
13.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 26(1): 1-4, jan.-mar. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-423921

ABSTRACT

A paratuberculose é uma importante enterite de ruminantes causada por Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). A enfermidade é oficialmente considerada exótica no Brasil, mas inquéritos sorológicos recentes e o isolamento do agente etiológico sugerem que ela pode estar presente em nossos rebanhos. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar três diferentes fórmulas do Ágar gema de ovo de Herrold suplementado com micobactina J (HEYM) e quatro protocolos de cultura fecal quanto ao crescimento de Map, bem como custo e facilidade de implementação. Três fórmulas de HEYM foram inoculadas com duas suspensões de Map. Fezes contaminadas artificialmente e naturalmente com Map foram tratadas pelos quatro protocolos de cultura fecal. O protocolo da centrifugação e a fórmula de HEYM recomendada pela OIE demonstraram os melhores resultados quanto à recuperação de Map.


Subject(s)
Cattle , Mycobacterium avium/isolation & purification , Paratuberculosis/diagnosis
14.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 43(2): 256-261, 2006.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-454661

ABSTRACT

The detection of infected animals is one of the main factors involved in tuberculosis control and, with some variations, is performed through intradermal tuberculin tests. Nevertheless, skin test-negative animaIs may be infected and represent an important threat to bovine tuberculosis eradication programs. Despite this well-known phenomenon, ELISA testing did not become a routine in tuberculosis contraI programs. Our purpose was to describe field applications of ELISA in the detection of anergic animals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From 18 herds involved on a tuberculosis contraI program, two presented skin test-negative infected animals what have delayed and compromised the success of the program, with severe economic losses. Infection in those animaIs was identified through ELISA and confirmed by isolation of M. bovis from lung lesions. Therefore they were considered to be the most probable source of continuing infection and responsible for the maintenance of the disease in their herds. Without the use of serological tests as ELISA those cows would probably stay in their herds perpetuating the disease and the eradication of the disease in those herds would become impossible. In conc1usion, we suggest the use of ELISA as a valuable complementary tool in arder to identify possible anergic cows that may be acting as reservoirs of the agent in the herd.


A detecção de animais infectados é um dos mais importantes fatores envolvidos no controle da tuberculose e, com algumas variações, é realizado através de testes intradérmicos de tuberculinização. No entanto, animais negativos aos testes intradérmicos podem estar infectados e representam uma importante ameaça aos programas de erradicação da tuberculose. Apesar deste conhecido fenômeno, o uso de ELISA não é rotina nestes programas. Nosso objetivo foi o de descrever experiências do uso a campo de ELISA na detecção de animais anérgicos no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Dentre 18 rebanhos envolvidos em um programa de controle da tuberculose, dois apresentaram animais infectados negativos aos testes intradérmicos, o que atrasou e comprometeu o sucesso do programa, com severas perdas econômicas. A infecção nestes animais foi identificada através de ELISA e confirmada pelo isolamento de M.bovis nas lesões pulmonares. Desta forma foram considerados como a mais provável fonte de infecção e responsáveis pela manutenção da enfermidade nos rebanhos. Sem o uso de testes sorológicos como ELISA estes animais provavelmente permaneceriam nos rebanhos perpetuando a infecção e a erradicação da enfermidade seria impossível. Em conclusão, sugere-se o uso de ELISA como uma valiosa ferramenta complementar para identificar animais anérgicos que possam atuar como reservatórios do agente nos rebanhos.


Subject(s)
Cattle , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Tuberculosis, Bovine/prevention & control
15.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 100(7): 743-748, Nov. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-419700

ABSTRACT

Simple double repetitive element polymerase chain reaction (MaDRE-PCR) and Pvu II-IS1245 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing methods were used to type 41 Mycobacterium avium isolates obtained from 14 Aids inpatients and 10 environment and animals specimens identified among 53 mycobacteria isolated from 237 food, chicken, and pig. All environmental and animals strains showed orphan patterns by both methods. By MaDRE-PCR four patients, with multiple isolates, showed different patterns, suggesting polyclonal infection that was confirmed by RFLP in two of them. This first evaluation of MaDRE-PCR on Brazilian M. avium strains demonstrated that the method seems to be useful as simple and less expensive typing method for screening genetic diversity in M. avium strains on selected epidemiological studies, although with limitation on analysis identical patterns except for one band.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology , Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods , Genetic Variation , Mycobacterium avium/genetics , Mycobacterium avium/isolation & purification , Brazil , Chickens/microbiology , Food Microbiology , Genotype , Mycobacterium avium/classification , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Swine/microbiology , Vegetables/microbiology
16.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 36(2): 118-122, Apr.-June 2005. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-421713

ABSTRACT

Paratuberculose (doenca de Johne) se caracteriza por uma enterite crônica de ruminantes, causada por Mycobacterium avium subesp. paratuberculosis (Map). O padrão ouro diagnóstico da infeccão é a cultura e isolamento do microrganismo a partir de tecidos ou fezes. No entanto, seu crescimento demora de três a cinco meses e a excrecão de Map em níveis detectáveis em cultura é irregular e não ocorre durante os primeiros estágios da infeccão, o que diminui seus níveis de sensibilidade. No Brasil, existem poucos relatos de seu isolamento. Os testes imunológicos mais comuns para a identificacão da infeccão são: Fixacão de complemento, imunodifusão em gel de agarose e ensaio imunoenzimático do tipo ELISA. No Brasil, kits comerciais ELISA de diagnóstico são importados e seu uso não está ainda aprovado. O objetivo deste estudo é melhorar um ensaio ELISA-PPA in-house previamente desenvolvido (10) e determinar sua sensibilidade e especificidade. Na primeira etapa deste estudo, as alteracões do protocolo original contribuíram para diminuir as variacões encontradas entre pocos na mesma placa e entre placas em experimentos diferentes, o que demonstrou uma maior estabilidade e reprodutibilidade do teste. Na segunda etapa, um painel de 106 amostras de soros foi testado pelo protocolo modificado do ELISA-PPA para estimar seus índices de sensibilidade e especificidade. O ensaio apresentou sensibilidade de 76,9 per center e especificidade de 70,0 per center. Nosso estudo demonstrou que este ensaio pode ser recomendado como uma valiosa ferramenta para diagnóstico e controle da paratuberculose no Brasil e em outros países em desenvolvimento.


Subject(s)
Cattle , In Vitro Techniques , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis , Paratuberculosis , Serology , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Brazil , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunologic Tests
17.
J. bras. pneumol ; 30(4): 365-370, jul.-ago. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-383147

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇAO: As taxas de resistência aos fármacos constituem um dos pilares da avaliação dos programas de controle da tuberculose. A demora na obtenção dos resultados, conseqüência da metodologia convencional utilizada, faz com que haja a necessidade de avaliação de novos testes, mais rápidos e menos onerosos. OBJETIVO: Comparar técnicas fenotípicas rápidas para determinação do perfil de susceptibilidade de M. tuberculosis, utilizando indicadores de viabilidade celular, com o teste das proporções em Lõwenstein-Jensen, padrão-ouro. MÉTODO: Foram utilizadas 166 cepas de M. tuberculosis com o perfil de susceptibilidade conhecido. A concentração mínima inibitória de cada fármaco foi determinada, em microplaca, utilizando-se meio líquido e os indicadores de oxi-redução, Alamar Blue® e brometo de tetrazolium. O ponto de corte entre a cepa sensível e a resistente foi estabelecido como concentração mínima inibitória maior ou igual a 0,2 mg /mL para isoniazida e 1,0 mg /mL para rifampicina. RESULTADOS: Houve concordância total entre os dois métodos de determinação da concentração mínima inibitória. Comparando os resultados dos testes com o padrão-ouro, obteve-se uma concordância de 95 por cento, para isoniazida e rifampicina. O tempo para obtenção dos resultados foi de 7 dias, contrastando com os 28 dias pelo método convencional. CONCLUSAO: Os testes para determinação da concentração mínima inibitória, em meio líquido, utilizando indicadores de oxi-redução, são rápidos e podem se utilizados como alternativa rápida na determinação de susceptibilidade de cepas de M. tuberculosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Rifampin/pharmacology , Indicators and Reagents , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Cell Survival , Time Factors
18.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 99(1): 107-110, Feb. 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-356453

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to streptomycin (SM), isoniazid (INH), and/or rifampin (RIF) as determined by the conventional Lõwenstein-Jensen proportion method (LJPM) were compared with the E test, a minimum inhibitory concentration susceptibility method. Discrepant isolates were further evaluated by BACTEC and by DNA sequence analyses for mutations in genes most often associated with resistance to these drugs (rpsL, katG, inhA, and rpoB). Preliminary discordant E test results were seen in 75 percent of isolates resistant to SM and in 11 percent to INH. Discordance improved for these two drugs (63 percent) for SM and none for INH when isolates were re-tested but worsened for RIF (30 percent). Despite good agreement between phenotypic results and sequencing analyses, wild type profiles were detected on resistant strains mainly for SM and INH. It should be aware that susceptible isolates according to molecular methods might contain other mechanisms of resistance. Although reproducibility of the LJPM susceptibility method has been established, variable E test results for some M. tuberculosis isolates poses questions regarding its reproducibility particularly the impact of E test performance which may vary among laboratories despite adherence to recommended protocols. Further studies must be done to enlarge the evaluated samples and looked possible mutations outside of the hot spot sequenced gene among discrepant strains.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antitubercular Agents , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Base Sequence , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Isoniazid , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Rifampin , Streptomycin
19.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 97(5): 725-729, July 2002. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-321191

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates at University Hospital, Reference Center for Aids in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during one year. We used standard biochemical tests for species identification and IS1245 PCR amplification was applied as a Mycobacterium avium specific identification marker. Four hundred and four specimens from 233 patients yielded acid-fast bacilli growth. M. tuberculosis was identified in 85 percent of the patients and NTM in 15 percent. NTM disseminated infection was a common event correlated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and only in HIV negative patients the source of NTM was non sterile site. M. avium complex (MAC) was biochemically identified in 57.8 percent (49/83) of NTM isolates, most of them from sterile sites (75.5 percent), and in 94 percent (46/49) the IS 1245 marker specific for M. avium was present. Twenty NTM strains showed a MAC biochemical pattern with the exception of a urease-positive (99 percent of MAC are urease-negative), however IS1245 was detected in 96 percent of the strains leading to their identification as M. avium. In this group differences in NTM source was not significant. The second most frequently isolated NTM was identified as M. scrofulaceum (7.2 percent), followed by M. terrae (3.6 percent), M. gordonae (2.4 percent), M. chelonae (1.2 percent), M. fortuitum (1.2 percent) and one strain which could not be identified. All were IS1245 negative except for one strain identified as M. scrofulaceum. It is interesting to note that non-sterile sites were the major source of these isolates (92.8 percent). Our finding indicated that M. avium is still the major atypical species among in the MAC isolates recovered from Brazilian Aids patients without highty active antiretroviral therapy schema. Some discrepancies were seen between the identification methods and further investigations must be done to better characterize NTM isolates using other phenotypic and genotypic methods


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Mycobacterium , Mycobacterium Infections , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Brazil , Mycobacterium , Mycobacterium Infections , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence , Prospective Studies
20.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 33(2): 163-165, Apr.-Jun. 2002. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-330264

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the performance of the AMPLICOR MTB assay for detection of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens obtained from 98 smear-negative tuberculous patients (43 with positive and 55 with negative culture results). The sensitivity of the AMPLICOR MTB was 44.9(per cent) (44/98) and that of culture was 43.8(per cent) (43/98). No significant difference was observed between the results obtained by AMPLICOR MTB and by culture. We conclude that amplification assays could be used for testing smear-negative specimens because a rapid diagnosis will benefit those patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculosis , Culture Media , Methods , Outpatients
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL